Python # 3 - Python Versions

Python Versions-

Python programming language is being updated regularly with new features. There are a various updation in Python versions.

A list of python versions with its released date is given below :

Python Version	Released Date
Python 1.0	January 1994
Python 1.5	December 31, 1997
Python 1.6	September 5, 2000
Python 2.0	October 16, 2000
Python 2.1	April 17, 2001
Python 2.2	December 21, 2001
Python 2.3	July 29, 2003
Python 2.4	November 30, 2004
Python 2.5	September 19, 2006
Python 2.6	October 1, 2008
Python 2.7	July 3, 2010
Python 3.0	December 3, 2008
Python 3.1	June 27, 2009
Python 3.2	February 20, 2011
Python 3.3	September 29, 2012

Python # 2 - Features of Python

Features of Python-

1) Interpreted Language: Python is an interpreted language i.e. interpreter executes the code line by line at a time. This makes debugging easy and thus suitable for beginners.

2) Object Oriented Language: Python supports object oriented language. Concept of classes and objects comes into existence.

3) Straightforward Syntax: The formation of python syntax is simple and straightforward which also makes it popular.

4) Easy to use: Python is easy to very easy to use and high level language. Thus it is programmer-friendly language.

5) Portable: Python can run equally on different platforms such as Windows, Linux, Unix , Macintosh etc.

6) Free and Open source: Python language is freely available (www.python.org).The source-code is also available. Therefore it is open source.

7) Extendable: Users can add low level-modules to Python interpreter.

8) Large Standard Library: Python has a large and broad library.

9) GUI Programming: Graphical user interfaces can be developed using Python.

10) Integrated: It can be easily integrated with languages like C, C++, JAVA etc.

11) It supports automatic garbage collection.

Python # 1 - Python Introduction and History

Introduction to Python-

What is Python?

• Python is an object-oriented, high level language, interpreted, dynamic and multipurpose programming language.
• Python is easy to learn yet powerful and versatile scripting language which makes it attractive for Application Development.



• Python's syntax and dynamic typing (We don't need to use data types to declare variable) with its interpreted nature, make it an ideal language for scripting and rapid application development in many areas.
• Python supports multiple programming pattern, including object oriented programming, imperative and functional programming or procedural styles.
• Python is not intended to work on special area such as web programming. That is why it is known as multipurpose because it can be used with web, enterprise, 3D CAD etc.
• We don't need to use data types to declare variable because it is dynamically typed so we can write a=10 to declare an integer value in a variable.
• Python makes the development and debugging fast because there is no compilation step included in python development and edit-test-debug cycle is very fast.

History of Python:

• Python was developed in the late eighties i.e. late 1980’s by Guido van Rossum at the National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science in the Netherlands.
• ABC programming language is said to be the predecessor of Python language which was capable of Exception Handling and interfacing with Amoeba Operating System.
• Python is derived from programming languages such as: ABC, Modula 3, small talk, algol-68.





• Python is copyrighted. Like Perl, Python source code is now available under the GNU General Public License (GPL).
• In December 1989 the creator developed the 1st python interpreter as a hobby and then in 16 October 2000, Python 2.0 was released with many new features.
• On 3rd December 2008, Python 3.0 was released with more testing and includes new features.

HTML # 4 - HTML Editors

Write HTML Using Notepad or TextEdit :-
Web pages can be created and modified by using professional HTML editors.
However, for learning HTML we recommend a simple text editor like Notepad or Notepad++(PC) or TextEdit (Mac).
We believe using a simple text editor is a good way to learn HTML.
Follow the four steps below to create your first web page with Notepad or TextEdit

Step 1:Open Notepad (PC)-
Windows 8 or later:
Open the Start Screen (the window symbol at the bottom left on your screen). Type Notepad.
Windows 7 or earlier:
Open Start > Programs > Accessories > Notepad

OR

Step 1:Open TextEdit (Mac)-
Open Finder > Applications > TextEdit
Also change some preferences to get the application to save files correctly. In Preferences > Format >choose "Plain Text"
Then under "Open and Save", check the box that says "Ignore rich text commands in HTML files".
Then open a new document to place the code.

Step 2:Write Some HTML-
Write some HTML into Notepad or Notepad++. 

Step 3:Save the HTML Page-
Save the file on your computer. Select File > Save as in the Notepad menu.
Name the file "test.htm" and set the encoding to UTF-8 (which is the preferred encoding for HTML files).

Note:- You can use either .htm or .html as file extension. There is no difference, it is up to you.

Step 4:View the HTML Page in Your Browser-
Open the saved HTML file in your favorite browser (double click on the file, or right-click - and choose "Open with").
The result will look much like this:

HTML # 3 - HTML History & Features

History of HTML:

In the late 1980's , A physicist, Tim Berners-Lee who was a contractor at CERN, proposed a system for CERN researchers. In 1989, he wrote a memo proposing an internet based hypertext system.

Tim Berners-Lee is known as father of HTML. The first available description of HTML was a document called "HTML Tags" proposed by Tim in late 1991.

Versions of HTML:

Features of HTML:

·       It is a very easy and simple language. It can be easily understood and modified.

·       It is very easy to make effective presentation with HTML because it has a lot of formatting tags.

·       It is a markup language so it provides a flexible way to design web pages along with the text.

·       It facilitates programmers to add link on the web pages (by html anchor tag) , so it enhances the interest of browsing of the user.

·       It is platform-independent because it can be displayed on any platform like Windows, Linux and Macintosh etc.

·       It facilitates the programmer to add Graphics, Videos, and Sound to the web pages which makes it more attractive and interactive.

HTML # 2 - Simple HTML Document Example

HTML Example:-

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
   <head>
      <title>A Simple HTML Document</title>
   </head>
   <body>
      <h1>My First heading</h1>
      <p>My First paragraph.</p>
   </body>
</html>

Description of HTML Example:-

• DOCTYPE: It defines the document type.
• html : Text between html tag describes the web document.
• head : Text between head tag contains meta information about the document.
• title : Text between title tag specifies a title for the document.
• body : Text between body tag describes the body content of the page that is visible to the end user.
• h1 : Text between h1 tag describes the heading of the webpage.
• p :Text between p tag describes the paragraph of the webpage.

This HTML document will produce the following result –

HTML # 1 - Introduction to HTML

What is HTML?

• HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language.

            Let's see what is Hyper Text and what is Markup Language?

Hypertext:  Hypertext is text which contains links to other texts (the link available on a webpage is called Hypertext). Every time when you click on a word which brings you to a new webpage, you have clicked on a hypertext. 
Example:
<html>

    <head>

      <title>Hypertext</title>

   </head>

<body>

      <a>href="https://www.google.com"<h1>Google</h1></a>

         </body>

</html>

Markup language: HTML is a Markup Language which means you use HTML to simply "mark-up" a text document with tags that tell a Web browser how to structure it to display.HTML describes the structure of Web pages using markup.

• HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages.
• HTML elements are represented by tags.
• HTML tags label pieces of content such as "heading", "paragraph", "table", and so on.
• Browsers do not display the HTML tags, but use them to render the content of the page.